This paper presents the design and implementation of a hybrid solar-grid water pumping system with automatic power switching to ensure reliable irrigation. The system utilizes a photovoltaic (PV) array as the primary energy source and integrates grid supply as a backup during low solar conditions. An intelligent control algorithm is developed using MATLAB/Simulink to monitor system parameters and automatically switch between power sources. The system improves energy efficiency, reduces dependency on conventional electricity, and ensures uninterrupted water supply. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness, reliability, and cost-efficiency of the proposed system.
Tamboli et al. (Thu,) studied this question.