Abstract Background: Treatment of teeth with immature apices is difficult to manage by conventional endodontics. Apical barrier formation using bioceramic materials offers a biologically favorable solution, providing a hermetic seal that supports periapical healing and facilitates successful root canal treatment. Aim: The aim is to evaluate and compare the sealing ability of NeoPutty, Biodentine, and Bio-C repair used as apical plugs in teeth with immature apex using radioactive isotopes. Methods: Sixty-nine extracted single-rooted human teeth were decoronated at the CEJ, leaving a root segment of 15 mm. Further, 3 mm of the apex was resected. Standardizing 12 mm root length, biomechanical preparation was carried out, and a divergent retrograde preparation using a NeoEndo orifice opener (30/08) was done to simulate an immature root apex. Samples were randomly distributed into 3 experimental groups ( n = 23): Group 1 (NeoPutty), Group 2 (Biodentine), and Group 3 (Bio-C Repair) with an apical plug of 4 mm and two controls, Group 4 (Negative) and Group 5 (Positive). After 4 days, the teeth were immersed in 99TcNaO 4 for 4 h, and microleakage was assessed using a gamma-ray spectrometer. Statistical Analysis: Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, which showed a nonnormal distribution. Therefore, nonparametric tests were applied: Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA for intergroup comparisons and Mann–Whitney U test for pairwise analysis. Results: The highest percentage of radioactivity was observed in Group 5: 71%, followed by Group 2: 55%, Group 3: 53%, Group 1: 48%, and Group 4: 4%. Conclusion: Neoputty exhibited the best apical sealing ability.
Rathore et al. (2026) studied this question.