Upgrading low-temperature cycling stability of hybrid Na–air batteries via sodium biphenyl modification

Puntos clave

• This research aims to improve the low-temperature cycling stability of hybrid Na-air batteries through sodium biphenyl modification.
• Developed a liquid anode by dissolving sodium in a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons and ether solvents.
• Incorporated DOL into the liquid anode to enhance Na + dissociation and optimize solvation.
• Demonstrated improved ion transport at low temperatures in hybrid Na-air batteries.