Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Comprehensive Urinalysis: Advances, Challenges, and Clinical Perspectives

Puntos clave

• This research evaluates surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for urinalysis.
• Analysis of urine biofluid using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)
• Assessment of biomarkers and metabolites in urine
• Consideration of clinical applications and challenges of SERS
• SERS provides noninvasive insights into systemic physiology
• Identifies disease-associated biomarkers and therapeutic drug residues
• Highlights advances and challenges in clinical applications