Mycotic popliteal aneurysm is rare. It is observed less rarely in patients immunocompromised by HIV. Its pathogenesis is linked to the weakening of the artery's angiotropism by HIV and to easy systemic mycobacterial colonisation. The diagnosis is based on clinical observations and computed tomography (CT) angiography of the limbs, which shows a mycotic pseudoaneurysm in the form of a cup-shaped eumycetoma and perianeurysmal abscesses. Surgery remains the treatment of choice, associated with intensive etiological treatment. We report the case of a 49-year-old HIV-positive patient admitted to Bouaké University Hospital (Ivory Coast) for a pre-ruptured claudicating popliteal vascular mass with critical ischaemia. A popliteal mycotic aneurysm was diagnosed by pelvic limb CT angiography, and the pathology report concluded that it was a eumycetoma.
Ayégnon et al. (Wed,) studied this question.