Abstract Purpose Extended reality (XR) technologies, incorporating virtual and augmented reality, are increasingly being explored as potential adjuncts in the management of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). However, the appropriateness of these interventions in terms of their alignment with CRPS symptomatology, patient experiences, and rehabilitation principles remains unclear. This scoping review aimed to critically examine the current approaches used in XR-based rehabilitation for CRPS and assess their suitability for managing this condition. Methods A systematic search was conducted in several health databases for articles describing the use of XR for management of people with CRPS. Data were extracted on study characteristics and intervention details, and the intervention was critiqued using a custom framework designed to evaluate the incorporation of rehabilitation principles. Results Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. There was considerable diversity in study methodologies, participant characteristics, and technological approaches. All studies provided appropriate theoretical justifications of their intervention and were suitable for clinical use, while most showed potential for CRPS symptom reduction. However, there were significant gaps in the interventions related to fostering independence, feasibility of home use, potential for progression, and cultural considerations. Conclusions XR interventions show promise in certain aspects of CRPS management but opportunities exist for more comprehensive intervention delivery formats that address key rehabilitation principles. Future development and evaluation studies should place greater emphasis on fostering independent use, integration of user feedback, and overtly incorporate cultural considerations.
Weiss et al. (2026) studied this question.