Synthesis of Biologically Active Five-Member Nitrogenated Heterocycles Under Microwave Irradiation

Abstract: Microwaves have become a fundamental tool for the synthesis of many heterocyclic compounds, enabling more environmentally friendly protocols and faster, more efficient synthesis processes with better product yields and selectivity. In this work, we review the most recent ad-vances in the use of microwaves as an efficient tool for the synthesis of biologically active five-membered nitrogenated heterocycles, focusing on pyrroles, pyrazoles, imidazoles, indoles, benzim-idazoles, and benzotriazoles, as well as their derivatives, which have shown remarkable biological activity. Across all results shown, the use of microwave dielectric heating demonstrates marked advantages in synthetic procedures compared to conventional methods.