ABSTRACT The growth in wireless communications increases the radio frequency signal density in the world. Radio frequency emissions of mobile communication systems are quite rich, and conversion of this ambient radio frequency energy can be applied in a number of real‐time applications, especially in the recharging of batteries. The main aim of this work is to design and come up with a high‐efficiency microstrip circular patch antenna that can gather the ambient Radio Frequency energy across a wide spectrum of frequencies between 1.5 and 5.2 GHz that will be able to sustain power solutions to low‐energy electronic systems. The novelty of this work is in the fact that an advanced design system optimized antenna is combined with an efficient impedance matching network, rectifier circuit, and power management unit, which highly enhances radio frequency‐to‐DC energy conversion efficiency. It is proven that simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna has a maximum gain of 6.13 dB and directivity of 6.38 dB, radiation efficiency of up to 96%, and the return loss of less than −10 dB in the operating frequency. The proposed methodology will facilitate sustainability through battery reduction, electronic waste reduction, and the operational life of Internet of Things devices, which will facilitate scalable and environmentally friendly wireless power solutions.
Raj et al. (2026) studied this question.