Self-Powered Seismic Monitoring Systems: A Hybrid Energy Harvesting Approach for Autonomous Infrastructure Monitoring

The Seismic-Acoustic Hybrid Generator (SAHG) is a novel self-powered system that integrates electromagnetic induction, piezoelectric energy harvesting, and acoustic resonance amplification to enable fully autonomous seismic and structural health monitoring. By harvesting ambient low-frequency vibrations and electromagnetic fluctuations common in seismic zones, the SAHG achieves energy-neutral operation while delivering high-resolution acceleration sensing (down to 0.001 m/s²) across 0.1 Hz – 1 kHz. Laboratory prototype testing demonstrated average power generation of 35 W (peak >95 W) with continuous system consumption under 2 W baseline, confirming substantial energy margins for reliable long-term deployment. This work presents the complete system architecture, theoretical energy balance modeling, acoustic enhancement mechanisms, signal processing approach, and experimental validation results. A preliminary techno-economic analysis shows competitive 10-year lifecycle costs compared to traditional battery and grid-connected systems, particularly in remote or off-grid locations. The SAHG offers a practical pathway toward dense, maintenance-free seismic sensor networks for earthquake early warning, critical infrastructure monitoring, and structural health assessment in seismically active regions. **Keywords:** energy harvesting, seismic monitoring, structural health monitoring, piezoelectric, electromagnetic induction, acoustic resonance, autonomous sensors, vibration energy, self-powered systems