-N and TN removal, while SMR showed negligible effects on ammonium dynamics. Metagenomic analysis revealed that both antibiotics distinctly suppressed microbial communities across taxonomic levels and disrupted functional genes related to nitrification, denitrification, and nitrogen fixation. This work demonstrates the efficacy of NALS-based CWs in co-removing antibiotics and nutrients, while offering mechanistic insights into how antibiotic exposure reshapes microbial structure and function-advancing the design of sustainable treatment systems for antibiotic-laden wastewater.
Hou et al. (Sat,) studied this question.