Spatial disruptions and the embodied Self in schizophrenia: toward a developmental framework

Abstract Converging evidence indicates that schizophrenia reshapes the embodied structure of subjectivity, profoundly altering how individuals experience their bodies and surrounding space. This Perspective proposes a neurodevelopmental framework linking measurable distortions of personal space (PS) and peripersonal space (PPS) to deeper phenomenological disruptions of lived spatiality. Experimental findings consistently show an enlarged PS and a contracted PPS, maybe reflecting an excessive feeling of overexposure as well as a diminished sense of possible spatial enactment of bodily capacities. These anomalies likely stem from early neurodevelopmental disturbances in multisensory integration and sensorimotor learning. Phenomenological psychopathology further reveals how such spatial disorganization manifests as instability in self-world boundaries and a pervasive sense of altered atmosphere. Integrating neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and experiential dimensions provides a unified account of how schizotaxic vulnerability unfolds into spatial and Self-disturbances. This approach reframes embodiment and spatiality as developmental interfaces between neural processes and subjective transformation in schizophrenia.