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May 7, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Hemispheric Asymmetry in Energy and Signalness of IceCube GOLD Events: An Exploratory Analysis with BRONZE-Class Control Verification

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YKYoshimitsu Katayama

Key Points

  • This research explores energy asymmetry and spatial patterns in IceCube GOLD events from 2019 to 2026.
  • Analysis of the IceCube GOLD alert dataset with N=62 events
  • Mann-Whitney test to assess energy differences
  • BRONZE-class control analysis with N=118 events to compare patterns
  • Statistically significant energy asymmetry observed between southern (349 TeV) and northern skies (202.5 TeV, p=0.0189)
  • Elevated signalness trend identified in Leo core zone, although not statistically significant (mean 0.721 vs. 0.558, p=0.112)
  • No similar patterns detected in BRONZE-class control data (p=0.516 and p=0.729)

Abstract

We report two spatial patterns in the IceCube GOLD alert dataset (N=62, 2019-2026): (1) a statistically significant energy asymmetry between southern and northern sky events (median 349 TeV vs. 202.5 TeV, Mann-Whitney p=0.0189), and (2) an elevated signalness trend in the Leo core zone (RA=120-150 deg), with Leo mean signalness 0.721 vs. 0.558 (p=0.112; not statistically significant). A pre-specified BRONZE-class control analysis (N=118) found neither pattern in BRONZE data (p=0.516 and p=0.729, respectively). This contrast is not readily explained by IceCube directional sensitivity alone, though differences in selection thresholds between GOLD and BRONZE cannot be excluded. Whether the observed patterns reflect distinct astrophysical physics or residual selection systematics cannot be determined from this exploratory analysis. Independent pre-registered verification is required. This manuscript (v2) incorporates a BRONZE-class control pre-specified before execution, and three interpretation corrections in response to adversarial AI review.

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Cite This Study

Yoshimitsu Katayama (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fbef86164b5133a91a35fbhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20032863
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