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Exposure to harmful environments during pregnancy and maternal nutritional status are key factors that affect offspring development; however, the underlying mechanisms of maternal-fetal interaction remain to be elucidated. In recent years, research on gut microbiota and epigenetics has provided new perspectives for understanding these mechanisms. This review systematically summarizes the potential mechanisms by which the maternal gut microbiota influences prenatal development from an epigenetic perspective. Furthermore, it discusses the role of personalized nutritional interventions in the prevention of non-communicable diseases during embryonic and fetal development, aiming to provide new insights and intervention targets for promoting healthy pregnancies and enabling early disease prevention.
Xu et al. (2026) studied this question.