Engineering D-CONGA-Q7–embedded hydrogel matrices: physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial functionality

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rising globally, particularly among the clinically important ESKAPE pathogens, a group of bacteria responsible for a large number of hospital-acquired infections and known for their extensive multidrug resistance, underscoring the need for new therapeutic strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising option in combating AMR due to their broad-spectrum activity and versatility. This work aims to explore polysaccharide-based hydrogels as versatile delivery platforms for AMPs in applications ranging from infection control on medical and laboratory equipment to possible use in wound healing. Methods In this study, alginate- and xanthan gum–based hydrogels were developed as potential carriers for the novel cationic peptide D-CONGA Q7. Four formulations were prepared for both hydrogel types: control, peptide-loaded, penicillin-loaded, and peptide–antibiotic co-loaded. The systems were evaluated against six clinically relevant microorganisms. Based on the characterization of hydrogels, the peptide was successfully incorporated in the gel composition. Results In agar diffusion assays, peptide-only hydrogels produced minimal inhibition zones across pathogens, consistent with the limited diffusivity of cationic AMPs within anionic polysaccharide matrices, whereas penicillin-containing hydrogels generated the largest and most consistent inhibition zones. Discussion This early-stage assessment highlights key formulation constraints and identifies critical next steps for optimizing AMP release in polysaccharide-based hydrogel systems intended for infection control and potential wound-healing applications.