Coupled Hall–Ion Slip Interactions with Heat Transfer in Peristaltic MHD Nanofluid Blood Flow through a Curved Elastic Tube

This paper explores advanced insights into the conjugated effects of thermal heat transfer under external Hall current and ion slip forces on the peristaltic thrust of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) gold–blood nanofluid inside a resilient compliant tube with curvature effects. Peristaltic transport of bio-nanofluids under electromagnetic interactions has promising applications in targeted drug delivery, biomedical pumping devices, and cancer treatment technologies through controlled heat transfer and flow modulation for improved therapeutic efficiency. The main aim of this study is to examine the coupled influences of Hall current, ion slip, thermophoresis, nanoparticle morphology, and elastic wall properties on flow dynamics and thermal behavior in curved compliant channels representing physiological transport systems. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possessing thermal, magnetostatic, and electrical characteristics are dispersed in blood as fillers with various shapes (bricks, cylinders, and platelets) to enhance heat transfer and flow performance. A catheter inserted inside the compliant tube allows the Au–blood nanofluid to migrate around it. The model provides a remedy for cancerous conditions such as target therapy called photothermal therapy (PTT), where externally applied magnetostatic and electrical fields direct gold nanoparticles toward malignant regions, while an imposed heat source/sink generates localized heating to destroy tumor cells. Thermophoretic diffusion further influences nanofluid energy transport and supports efficient drug delivery mechanisms. The Hamilton–Crosser model is used to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. The governing nonlinear equations are formulated using long-wavelength and low-Reynolds-number approximations and solved analytically via a regular perturbation technique to obtain velocity, temperature, and heat transfer characteristics. Results show that Hall current and ion slip significantly modify pumping behavior and thermal transport, while nanoparticle shape, concentration, elastic wall compliance, and thermophoretic diffusion enhance temperature regulation and flow control. This highlights the potential of Au-blood nanofluids for optimized photothermal therapy and biomedical transport applications.