Role of Adiponectin Polymorphism (rs1501299) in Diabetes with Nephropathy and Its Association with Renal Biomarkers

Abstract Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease, associated with severe complications. Numerous studies have found connections between variations in the ADIPOQ gene and both type two diabetes mellitus (DM) and DN. Objective: The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the correlation between the ADIPOQ polymorphism (rs1501299) and the exposed to DN in the Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: A case-control study involved 121 subjects divided into three groups: 45 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with nephropathy, 39 T2DM patients without nephropathy, and 37 healthy subjects. Biochemical analysis was carried out on all participants and PCR method was utilized for genotyping the adiponectin polymorphism (rs1501229). Results: In the DN group, the genotype models frequencies were 22.2% for genotype (GG), 33.3% for heterozygous genotype (GT), and 44.4% for homozygous (TT), while the DM group had frequencies of 29.7% for GG, 51.3% for GT, and 23% for TT. When comparing the polymorphism between the control group and the DN group, T allele carriers had a high significant risk of DN under the codominant TT model ( P = 0.01), the dominant GT + TT model ( P = 0.04), and the recessive model ( P = 0.01). In the T2DM group, the risk of DN was notably higher among T allele carriers under the recessive model ( P = 0.04). Additionally, in the codominant model, the rs1501299 polymorphism genotypes were significantly associated with elevated levels of serum fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, urea, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate in the study participants. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a substantial association between the polymorphism (rs1501299) and an increased susceptibility to DN among individuals with T2DM in the Iraqi patient population.