Galectin-3 and Its Binding Protein, Interleukin-6, and C-Reactive Protein in the Serum of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Iraq

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, systemic, chronic, and inflammatory disorder of obscure source that is differentiated by symmetric, polyarticular pain and tumefaction, stiffness in the first hours of the morning, and lassitude. Objectives: The aim of this study is to measure the galectin-3 (GAL-3), GAL-3 binding protein (GAL-3BP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the serum of Iraqi patients who diagnosed with RA. Materials and Methods: The case-control group was made up of 45 additional, presumably healthy persons, whereas the ill group was made up of 45 rheumatic patients. A study was carried out in the Merjan Teaching Hospital in Hilla City and private clinics between February 2022 and January 2023. The serum concentrations of GAL-3, GAL-3BP, and IL-6 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while C-reactive protein was measured using turbidimetry assay. SPSS software (version 26) was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Results: The levels of GAL-3, GAL-3BP, and IL-6 were increased in patients than the control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, CRP is also elevated. The results also revealed that that there is no link between GAL-3 and GAL-3BP, CRP, and IL-6 concentrations in the control group. Conclusion: Increased levels of GAL-3 and its binding protein with IL-6 have a role in the pathogenicity of RA.