Assessment of cytotoxic features of corn oil-derived carbon nanostructures decorated palmitic acid

Carbon based materials has garnered significant attention because of their potential biomedical applications and environmental implications. In this present study, we synthesized carbon nanostructures (CNs) using corn oil as a precursor through a flame synthesis approach and investigates the cytotoxic impact of CNs on Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) macrophages. The synthesized CNs elemental composition, functional groups, morphology, and crystalline characteristics were studied by adopting different techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The TEM images confirms 70 – 100 nm with spherical CNs were synthesized from corn oil. The XPS spectrum of corn oil-derived carbon nanostructures (CCNs) exhibits distinct atomic peaks of C1s and O1s at 284.2 and 532.8 eV. The CCNs surface were decorated with palmitic acid (PA) and impact on cell viability and morphology was investigated through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining in THP-1 derived macrophages. The CCNs/PA were do not promote cell death and morphological features in macrophages. Our in vitro cytotoxicity assessment revealed that CCNs/PA displayed good compatibility. Overall, our study contributes crucial insights into the biological impact of CCNs/PA and underscores the need for careful assessment of their biomedical applications.