Detection of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Resistant to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in Burn and Wound Patients

Abstract Background: One of the main sources of infection in hospitals and the general population is Staphylococcus aureus. For the treatment of severe staphylococcal infections, aminoglycosides are frequently utilized. The primary mode of this antibiotic resistance is the production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). Objectives: This study’s objectives were to identify the aminoglycoside-resistant S. aureus strains from burns samples and molecular detection of AMEs genes among these stains. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, 230 burn wounds yielded 63 different S. aureus strains. Gentamicin (10 mg), amikacin (10 mg), kanamycin (30 mg), tobramycin (10 mg), streptomycin (25 mg), and neomycin (30 mg) are aminoglycoside antibiotics used in this study to investigate their activity against bacterial isolates, the aac ( 6′ ) Ie/aph ( 2′ ) , aph ( 3′ ) -IIIa1, ant ( 4′ ) -Ia1, and mecA genes were identified using the PCR technique. Results: Of 63 clinical S. aureus isolates verified by phenotypic testing, 50 isolates resistant to aminoglycosides in primary screening showed that the highest levels of antibiotic resistance were seen in Kanamycin, which involved 40 isolates (63,4%), while the lowest resistance was found in amikacin and gentamicin, also 12 isolates (24%) confined mecA gene. Furthermore, 32 isolates (64 %) had gene aph (3)-IIIa and six isolates (12 %) had aac ( 6′ ) Ie/aph ( 2ʺ ) gene. While the presence of the ant ( 4′ ) -Ia1 gene wasn’t observed in any of the samples. Conclusion: The gene aph ( 3′ ) -IIIa1 was the highest and responsible for the mechanism resistance to aminoglycoside in S. aureus. Multiple drug-resistant S. aureus strains were found to arise in settings where aminoglycoside antibiotics were used frequently.