Rheology of MXene-reinforced dual-network hydrogels in swollen and unswollen states

Key Points

• This research aims to investigate the rheological properties of MXene-reinforced dual-network hydrogels in different states.
• Conducted shear and extensional rheology tests on MXene-enabled hydrogels.
• Analyzed the gel-like behavior and energy dissipation patterns.
• Examined the impact of polymer–MX interactions on hydrogel performance.
• MXene-reinforced hydrogels exhibited gel-like behavior throughout testing.
• Energy dissipation was observed near yielding due to fast, reversible polymer–MX interactions.

Abstract