Beyond emollients: A review of moisturizers in dermatology

Moisturizers are an integral part of dermatological care, functioning as adjuncts in a wide range of inflammatory, xerotic, and keratinization disorders. Beyond symptomatic relief, advances in moisturizer formulations have established their role in skin barrier repair and disease prevention. They have evolved from passive emollients to biologically active adjunctive therapies, with evidence supporting their use across diverse dermatological conditions. Moisturizers are broadly classified into emollients, occlusive, humectants, and protein rejuvenators, each with distinct mechanisms and clinical indications. Dispensing formulations determine bioavailability, acceptability, and adherence with selection tailored to disease severity, anatomical site, and patient preference. This review offers an in-depth overview of current evidence on moisturizers, including their significance, recent advancements, and safety considerations. Individualized selection increases therapeutic benefit. Continued advances in barrier science and targeted delivery will further refine their role in precision dermatology.