Evaluation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Salivary Lactoferrin in Relation to Dental Caries

Abstract Background: As human genomics advances, increased attention is directed toward identifying genetic factors linked to dental caries. Among the various multifunctional proteins present on mucosal surfaces in the body, lactoferrin (LTF) stands out. This protein plays a role in regulating immune-inflammatory and antibacterial responses. While a genetic role in caries susceptibility has been acknowledged, the specific genetic components contributing to this susceptibility remain largely unexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the connection between genetics and the level of salivary LTF in relation to caries susceptibility among adolescents in Baghdad City. Materials and Methods: A case–control study encompassing 78 adolescents (aged 13–15 years) was conducted. This group was divided into 39 subjects with very low caries (control group) and 39 subjects with high caries (study group) in Baghdad City. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, and dental caries were assessed using the DMFS/DMFT (decayed, missing, filled surface/teeth) index. Subsequent to DNA extraction, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped through polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Four specific SNPs were identified: rs6441989, rs34265215, rs77648833, and rs35883833. The correlation between these SNPs and dental caries was measured using odds ratios along with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The concentration of salivary LTF was significantly higher in the control group (low caries) than in the study group (high caries) ( P = 0.01). However, no significant differences were observed between the study and control groups in the genotypes. Additionally, no significant deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was noted. Conclusion: The level of salivary LTF did influence caries susceptibility. However, at the genetic level, the investigated SNPs did not demonstrate any discernible association with dental caries.