Digital documentation and quantitative spatial analysis for conservation strategies of the Jungar temple architectural complex

Temple architecture is a key component of China’s heritage, with Sino-Tibetan Buddhist architecture forming a distinctive branch of historical and cultural significance. This study examines the Jungar Temple Architectural Complex in Inner Mongolia. High-precision data from Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry were used to construct a digital model. Based on this model, the complex was analyzed from temporal and spatial perspectives to explore the role of digital technologies in quantitative research and conservation. Results show that despite multiple expansions, the layout preserves its original axial order and proportional logic while incorporating local vernacular features. Complementary relationships are identified between buildings, courtyards, vegetation, and ritual elements. The study demonstrates the value of digital technologies for high-resolution documentation and conservation of historic architectural complexes.