Assessment of Cytotoxicity and Surface Characterization of Chitosan–Tin Oxide Coating on Magnesium for Bioresorbable Implant Applications: An In Vitro Study

Aim:The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to assess the cytotoxicity of a magnesium (Mg) substrate coated with chitosan-tin oxide (CS-SnO) in order to evaluate its future use as a resorbable bioimplant material. Materials and methods:The CS-SnO-coated Mg samples were assessed using a number of metrics, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), substrate water contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and infrared spectroscopy (IR).All of these properties were assessed using uncoated Mg samples as a control.MG63 cell lines were used to check the material's cytotoxicity.A negative control was created by using untreated cells, and their viability and morphological alterations were examined.The information was logged and subjected to statistical analysis.Results: EDAX analysis validated the coating's presence on the substrate, while IR spectroscopy proved its elemental makeup.The CS-SnOcoated surface displayed a larger contact angle of 100.8 than the untreated substrate, which displayed a contact angle of 74.2.AFM revealed that the coated sample's surface roughness was lower than that of the uncoated Mg.The CS-SnO-coated Mg's cell viability ranged from 97 to 98%, suggesting minimal toxicity in biological tissue. Conclusion:With a homogeneous surface topography, a higher contact angle, and biocompatibility and toxicity comparable to the uncoated negative control, the CS-SnO coating on the Mg substrate suggested that it might be used as a bioresorbable implant material.Clinical significance: CS-SnO coating on Mg substrate has shown reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced surface characteristics.Further investigation into this material's potential as an orthodontic bioimplant material under both static and dynamic mechanical loads may help us understand how it functions in a physiologically active environment.The development of CS-SnO-coated resorbable Mg mini-implants holds significant clinical translational potential by offering a biocompatible, bioactive, and self-resorbing alternative for orthodontic anchorage, potentially expanding the scope of minimally invasive anchorage reinforcement in clinical orthodontics.