Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism Reprogramming in Malignant Melanoma Immune Escape: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives

Malignant melanoma, a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, has its progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance closely linked to profound metabolic reprogramming. Emerging research highlights that the rewiring of glucose and amino acid metabolism plays a central role in oncology, offering promising new directions for the treatment of this malignancy. With a focus on malignant melanoma, this review discusses how glucose and amino acid metabolism become dysregulated and presents the mechanistic basis for this rewiring. Metabolic reprogramming is a key mechanism through which tumors condition their microenvironment to support expansion and avoid immune detection. By synthesizing current evidence, this article aims to pinpoint promising directions for future research and therapy in this challenging disease.