Toward Practical High‐Energy‐Density Li‐Gas Pouch Batteries

ABSTRACT Lithium‐gas batteries, including lithium‐oxygen and lithium‐carbon dioxide batteries, have great potential as high‐energy‐density storage devices because of their ultrahigh theoretical energy. However, the majority of the research is confined to laboratory exploration, which is far from practical application. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of practical high‐energy‐density Li‐gas pouch batteries in recent years. The main components in Li‐gas pouch batteries, including electrode materials, gas diffusion layers (GDLs), electrolytes, and packaging materials, are summarized first to solve the key fabrication points distinguished from those of coin cell level evaluation. Systematic analysis of the structure and weight distribution of Li‐gas pouch batteries is then conducted to demonstrate the progress achieved in overcoming the gap in practical applications. The failure mechanism is also analyzed to establish the inherent correlation between the interfacial microscopic behaviors and macroscopic battery performance based on advanced characterization and simulation results. Finally, perspectives toward high‐performance Li‐gas pouch batteries are presented regarding the challenges and opportunities of this emerging area. This review is intended to summarize the recent progress and challenges in practical high‐energy‐density Li‐gas pouch batteries to drive innovation in next‐generation carbon‐neutral energy storage.