Abstract The performance of a 32-channel Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Free Space Optical (FSO) communication system is evaluated under varying atmospheric conditions associated with four cities in the state of Odisha, India: Bhubaneswar, Puri, Cuttack, and Gunupur. The FSO system behavior is assessed through simulations using OptiSystem 21.0 under various weather conditions, which include clear sky, heavy rain, moderate rain, heavy fog, moderate fog, and haze, across data rates ranging from 32 to 128 Gbps. Key performance parameters such as Q-factor and Bit Error Rate (BER) are analyzed to quantify signal quality and communication reliability. Atmospheric attenuation values are derived in near real-time using weather data from the Indian Meteorological Department and the Odisha Weather Monitoring System Portal. This study investigates the impact of diverse climatic conditions on high-speed optical communication systems and proposes strategies to enhance their resilience and performance. The results demonstrate that, despite varying environmental conditions, the network maintains acceptable performance levels, ensuring reliable data transmission.
Panda et al. (2026) studied this question.