The Association Between Homebound Status and Social Isolation in the United States: A Longitudinal Study with 9 Years of Follow-Up

= 6,464). Participants were categorized as non-homebound, semi-homebound, or homebound. The level of social isolation was measured across four domains: marital status, religious participation, club participation, and family and friends. Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine the longitudinal associations between homebound status and social isolation over 9 years. In Round 1, both semi-homebound and homebound older adults reported higher levels of social isolation compared to non-homebound older adults. However, compared to non-homebound older adults, neither semi-homebound older adults nor homebound older adults differed significantly in their trajectories of social isolation. Findings are discussed through the lens of the Convoy Model of Social Relations.