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May 10, 2026SLEEP0 citations

0425 When the Day Starts with An Ache: Morning Headaches and Sleep Patterns in Women with Insomnia and Pain Complaints

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MRMarlee RichardsonMSMelanie StearnsACAshley Curtis

Key Points

  • This study aims to investigate the relationship between morning headaches and sleep patterns in women experiencing insomnia and pain complaints.
  • Randomized trial with 293 women reporting insomnia and pain complaints, with 65% experiencing AM headaches.
  • Participants completed 2 weeks of electronic diaries to track sleep patterns and pain ratings.
  • Independent samples t-tests were used to analyze differences between women with and without AM headaches.
  • Women with AM headaches reported higher morning fatigue (M=54.72) compared to those without (M=50.02), p=.04.
  • Pain intensity in the morning was greater in the AM headache group (M=47.65) versus non-headache group (M=42.52), p=.042.
  • Evening pain unpleasantness was significantly higher for those with AM headaches (M=45.90) versus those without (M=40.82), p=.048.

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Chronic and episodic headaches have a strong bidirectional relationship with insomnia and poor sleep outcomes. AM (morning) headaches are common among chronic pain populations, but additional research is needed to understand their pain experiences and potentially inform targeted interventions. Herein, we investigated whether presence of AM headaches is associated with differences in diary-based sleep parameters and pain ratings in women with pain and sleep complaints. We hypothesize individuals with AM headaches will have more sleep disturbances and fatigue as well as greater pain intensity and unpleasantness. Methods Women (N=293, Mage=39.59, SD 12.65, 65% with morning headaches) reporting insomnia and pain complaints (65% also reporting morning headaches) were recruited in mid-Missouri for an RCT (R01NR017168, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03744156). During baseline assessment, participants completed 2 weeks of daily electronic diaries and reported AM headache presence (Y/N). Independent samples t-tests (SPSS) evaluated differences in sleep parameters and pain ratings in those with and without AM headaches. Participants reporting diagnosed sleep apnea were excluded. Results Morning fatigue was higher among individuals with AM headaches (M=54.72+/-18.25) than those without (M=50.02+/-19.12), t(291)=-2.07, p=.04. Pain intensity was greater in the AM headache group in the morning (M=47.65+/-19.73 vs. M=42.52+/-21.91), t(291)=-2.04, p=.042, and evening, (M=49.62+/-19.10 vs. M=44.23+/-20.66), t(283)=-2.21, p=.028. Evening pain unpleasantness was also rated as higher among those with AM headaches (M=45.90+/-19.55) compared to those without (M=40.82+/-22.52), t(283)=-1.99, p=.048, but morning pain unpleasantness ratings only trended towards significance. Conclusion AM headaches can present as a chronic condition or as a symptom of other sleep disorders. Individuals with AM headaches had minimal sleep differences overall, but morning fatigue, pain intensity (AM and PM), and evening pain unpleasantness ratings were all significantly greater in those with AM headaches. Undiagnosed sleep disorders other than insomnia (i.e., obstructive sleep apnea) or other health concerns, like increased intracranial pressure, may have contributed to pain-related findings. Considering the high prevalence of COMISA in chronic pain populations, further investigation should examine its impact on sleep and headache severity. Support (if any) National Institute of Nursing Research (NR017168; Clinical trial: NCT03744156; PI: McCrae).

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Cite This Study

Richardson et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a002087c8f74e3340f9b67chttps://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsag091.0425
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

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  2. 2Morning Headaches as a Specific Obstructive Sleep Apnea Characteristic in a Large Sleep Clinic Population2026
  3. 3Sleep quality and chronotype in primary headache disorders: a nationwide population-based study of 5,311 Polish adults2026
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  5. 5Associations Between Chronotype and Pain, Sleep Quality, Depression, and Quality of Life in Patients with Tension-Type Headache2025