Flooding is a growing global issue, particularly in urban environments where human activities and climate change have increased both the frequency and intensity of floods. Traditional methods of flood frequency analysis (FFA), while valuable, often fail to account for dynamic environmental changes and urbanization. This paper reviews contemporary approaches to FFA, focusing on the integration of hydrological modeling techniques with environmental considerations. It highlights the importance of green infrastructure and sustainable urban planning in reducing flood risks. The review also examines the application of soft computing models in flood prediction and their strengths and limitations.
I. Suleiman (2026) studied this question.