The frequency range at terahertz (THz) has become highly significant in enabling reality the sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, biological sensing and imaging. However, the challenges persist, especially in designing the antennas at THz frequencies. This is due to the fact that there is a substantial conductor and dielectric loss as well as fabrication constraints. This study presents a compact microstrip patch antenna (MPA) working at 1.5 THz examined using CST Studio Suite. Impedance matching and surface wave losses are improved using the inset-fed microstrip line with a defective ground structure (DGS) based on a split-ring resonator (SRR). The results from the improved antenna have achieved a return loss of –59.04 dB, a directivity of 5.47 dBi, a realized gain of 2.57 dBi, and a radiation efficiency of nearly 51%. The far-field radiation pattern exhibits a broadside feature due to a wide 3-dB beamwidth of 95.6° and low side-lobe levels. The results demonstrate that the suggested antenna design outperforms the standard THz antennas in terms of impedance matching, efficiency, and competitive gain, thus making it highly suitable for applications such as 6G communication systems, biological sensing, and standard imaging.
Mariajeeva et al. (2025) studied this question.