Mechanical performance evaluation of science museum seating systems using FEM

This paper explores the structural design and material application of seating systems in science museums, focusing on safety and ergonomic comfort. To address the requirements of modern exhibition environments, the study employs finite element analysis (FEA) and body pressure distribution experiments to evaluate the mechanical performance and user comfort of four distinct seat structures and materials: polyurethane, polyester fiber, polypropylene foam, and memory foam. The investigation analyzes their effects on stress distribution, strain, and pressure relief. Results indicate that while structural design is critical for ensuring uniform stress distribution, material properties primarily dictate comfort and pressure alleviation. Specifically, memory foam and polyurethane demonstrate the optimal balance between comfort and load-bearing capacity, whereas polypropylene presents risks of localized stress concentration. Consequently, the study proposes a “structural optimization coupled with material matching” strategy, utilizing rigid materials for load-bearing and flexible materials for comfort interface. These findings provide practical guidance for the engineering design and material selection of public seating in science museums.