The acquisition of the English language has become a global necessity, serving as the lingua franca of science, technology, and international commerce. Despite its importance, students often encounter a multifaceted array of obstacles that impede their progress toward fluency. This article explores the systemic, linguistic, and psychological challenges inherent in learning English, ranging from the intricacies of its non-phonetic orthography to the "affective filter" that creates psychological barriers. By analyzing these hurdles, educators and students can develop more effective strategies for long-term mastery.
Allaniyazova et al. (2026) studied this question.