Modern methods and concepts for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa

Inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa (IDOM) represent a common group of pathologies, often becoming chronic and significantly reducing patients’ quality of life. Traditional therapeutic approaches, including antiseptics, corticosteroids, and analgesics, are frequently insufficient, as they do not address the underlying causes of inflammation and fail to prevent relapses. This highlights the need for new, more effective, and pathogenetically justified treatment strategies for IDOM. The aim of this study was to analyze modern therapeutic methods aimed at improving the clinical effectiveness of treating inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa, with an assessment of their mechanisms of action. The main hypothesis was that low-level laser therapy (LLLT), probiotic therapy, and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) could provide significant improvements in clinical outcomes and accelerate tissue healing. Materials and methods included an analysis of scientific publications in international and domestic databases (PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary) from 2015 to 2025. Clinical studies, literature reviews, and meta-analyses assessing the effectiveness of LLLT, probiotics, and PRF were included. Publications were selected based on methodological rigor, scientific validity, and availability of quantitative treatment outcome data. The results demonstrated high clinical efficacy of the investigated methods. LLLT provides rapid pain relief and accelerates tissue repair by activating cellular metabolism and improving microcirculation. Probiotics help normalize oral microbiota and reduce the risk of candidal complications. PRF accelerates wound healing through localized release of growth factors and stimulation of regenerative processes. The study concludes that these methods are advisable for inclusion in individualized, comprehensive therapy for IDOM, while standardization of treatment protocols and investigation of combined therapeutic schemes remain relevant.