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May 14, 2026The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America0 citations

Effects of a meandering Gulf Stream over a seamount on SOFARchannel sound propagation

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ANArthur E. NewhallJJJennifer J. JohnsonYLYing-Tsong Lin

Key Points

  • This research investigates how the meandering of the Gulf Stream affects sound propagation within the SOFAR channel.
  • Deployed a 100-m hydrophone array with 32 channels on a New England Seamount from August 2024 to June 2025.
  • Utilized two fixed acoustic sources located at 100 km and 120 km from the array site.
  • Monitored SOFAR channel duct variability as influenced by Gulf Stream positioning.
  • SOFAR channel axis was approximately 800 m deep when the Gulf Stream positioned the array in Sargasso Sea water.
  • The channel depth increased when the Gulf Stream shifted to Slope Sea water.
  • Variability in acoustic propagation on the seamount was successfully replicated using parabolic equation models.

Abstract

A 100-m hydrophone array with 32 channels was deployed on top of a New England Seamount from August 2024 to June 2025. This array was companied with two fixed sources, one at 100 km and the other at 120 km range from the array location. The array was deployed in the pathway of the Gulf Stream within the SOFAR channel and observed SOFAR channel duct variability as a function of Gulf Stream meandering. When the Gulf Stream positioned the array in Sargasso Sea water, the axis of the SOFAR channel was nominally around 800 m. But when the Gulf Stream shifted and caused the array to reside in Slope Sea water, the SOFAR channel deepened. The observed acoustic propagation variability on top of the seamount from Gulf Stream meander is reproduced by parabolic equation (PE) models. Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.

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Cite This Study

Newhall et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a0567fda550a87e60a20511https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0040673
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Long range, low frequency source localization across the Gulf Stream front using multiple bottom/surface bounce paths observed on a large aperture vertical array: A Bayesian approach2025
  2. 2Estimation of source depth from low-frequency acoustic transmissions through the Gulf Stream2025 · 1 citations
  3. 3Observations of acoustic intensity and phase fluctuations for low-frequency acoustic transmissions through the Gulf Stream2025
  4. 4Modeled physical oceanography of the New England Sea mounts during Summer 20242025
  5. 5Deep-water ambient sound on near-bottom receivers in the New England Seamount Chain2024