The Fundamental Origin of the Universe is Light: A Unified Theory of Reversible Light-Matter Transformation and Cosmic Cycle Mechanism

This paper proposes and rigorously demonstrates that the fundamental origin of the universe is light. Light, as a pure energy state with zero rest mass, no volume, and non-materiality, constitutes the underlying existence of all matter and energy in the universe. Supported by extensive empirical evidence, this paper focuses on the reversible transformation cycle between light and matter: high-energy photons can be confined under extreme conditions to form electrons, protons, and neutrons, which further constitute all things; ordinary light such as sunlight absorbed by matter can also be directly converted into components of matter; photon emission during atomic transitions accompanied by mass reduction is a universal microscopic phenomenon of matter transforming into light; matter disintegrates completely and returns to high-energy photons in extreme environments such as black holes; after traveling tens of thousands of light-years, black hole jets convert light back into matter particles, completing a cosmic-scale cycle. Combining experimental evidence from CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) and RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Brookhaven National Laboratory), astronomical observations, and natural phenomena, this paper constructs a concise, unified, and testable theory of cosmic origin. The theory relies solely on light, electrons, protons, and neutrons as basic units without introducing additional complex particles, forming a complete closed-loop framework.