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May 14, 20260 citationsOpen Access

A Parameter-Free Disk Formation Timescale from S¹ₒ₎₋ Temporal Geometry, ApJL Letter, Preprint

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DMDhiren Jashwant MASTER

Key Points

  • This research aims to derive a parameter-free timescale for disk formation in early galaxies based on temporal geometry.
  • Analysis of twelve-dimensional Riemannian framework incorporating Sol 3-manifold mechanics.
  • Use of tidal torque theory to connect shear tensor corrections with protogalactic angular momentum.
  • Application of Einstein equations in an FLRW background to establish disk formation timescale.
  • Derived disk formation timescale is approximately 66–150 Myr in protocluster environments.
  • In voids, the timescale is greater than 340 Myr, indicating enhanced disk settling in denser areas.
  • Falsifiable predictions related to cosmological structure formation have been formulated.

Abstract

The James Webb Space Telescope has revealed ordered, rotationally supported disk galaxies at redshifts z 6--8, well before the 1 Gyr of dynamical evolution typically required for disk settling in. We derive a parameter-free disk formation timescale ₀₋₈₆₍ = 2 t₃ₘ₍ from the temporal geometry of the twelve-dimensional Riemannian framework M₁₂ = (S¹ₒ₎₋ S³) K₈, in which the temporal sector S¹ₒ₎₋ is a Sol 3-manifold with hyperbolic SL (2, Z) monodromy. The monodromy eigenvalues = (1 + 5) /2 and ^-1 generate an Anosov flow on the internal K₈ shape modulus; integration over the internal space yields a rank-2 anisotropic correction to the four-dimensional shear tensor that couples to protogalactic angular momentum through standard tidal torque theory. The (0, 0) component of the twelve-dimensional Einstein equation, evaluated in the FLRW background, then fixes the proportionality constant: Tₒ₎₋ = 2 t₃ₘ₍, whence ₀₋₈₆₍ = Tₒ₎₋ / = 2 t₃ₘ₍. The factor of 2 is not chosen; it is exact, a consequence of the golden ratio identity ² = 1 +. At z = 8 this enables ordered disk settling in protocluster environments (10--50, ₀₋₈₆₍ 66--150 Myr) and forbids it in voids (₀₋₈₆₍ 340 Myr). Three falsifiable predictions are stated. The cosmological corollaries (S³ halo suppression, BAO sound horizon, CMB low-multipole suppression) are addressed in the companion long-form Paper X.

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Cite This Study

Dhiren Jashwant MASTER (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a05684ea550a87e60a20d3bhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20141963
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