. The Internet provided the community with wide services in order to access information and facilitate communication between members of the community, which includes acquiring, maintaining, and exploiting a technological advantage. However, the other negative aspect of the Internet included its use by terrorist organizations (ISIS) over the past years, which included capabilities to inflict damage through The Internet and manipulation of cyberspace resources to recruit, spread propaganda for the organization and publish video clips of murder and abuse, as well as digital hacking and espionage, as ISIS used an electronic strategy that uses asymmetric warfare methods and adaptive tactics based on the fourth generation warfare (4GW) model.Therefore, there must be an international and national response represented by the responsibility for the crimes we have mentioned, which requires effective cooperation between states, international and regional organizations and civil society, as well as information and communication technology companies for the possibility of responsibility. Every international or national figure or technology company has contributed to the occurrence of these crimes, even if it was to allow the publication of these clips on the communication sites or to allow them to be electronically circulated. For its crimes, however, the responsibility is shared between states and non-state actors represented by (ISIS) on the one hand and information and communication technology companies on the other.
Lafta et al. (Sun,) studied this question.