concentration of 6-18%), the polymer matrix was reduced by 97-100%. The liquid oxidation process proved to be an effective method for recovering composite and polymer waste, which is traditionally difficult to recycle, allowing for a reduction in environmental impact and the conservation of natural resources. The study used waste originating from wind turbine blades and photovoltaic panels, along with municipal waste and personal protective equipment as comparative materials. The liquefaction products were analysed using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC‑FID), revealing compounds such as acetic, propionic, isobutyric, and benzoic acids, phenol, benzophenone, and methyl nonanoate. Chemometric data analysis was applied to identify how process variables influence the quantitative and qualitative composition of the products, emphasising the need to tailor process parameters to specific waste types. The obtained products can serve as sources of chemical feedstock or as carbon sources in biotechnological biopolymer synthesis. This approach may provide a low‑emission alternative for recycling challenging waste streams and contribute to sustainable resource recovery.
Sajdak et al. (2026) studied this question.