Preparation of stable sodium superoxide/pernigraniline nanocomposites for electrochemical application

In this work, sodium superoxide (NaO₂)-loaded Pernigraniline (PGA) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized and evaluated for their suitability in supercapacitor applications. Among the various compositions studied, the nanocomposite with 15 wt% NaO₂ loading exhibited superior electrochemical performance. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis revealed a maximum specific capacitance of 511.98 F/g and a corresponding specific capacity of 921.57 C/g. Furthermore, galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) measurements at a current density of 0.06 A/g yielded a specific capacitance of 255.96 F/g and a specific capacity of 0.567 mAh/g. The NaO₂–PGA composite exhibits excellent electrochemical stability, retaining 67.6% capacitance and 98% Coulombic efficiency after 10000 cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Bode plot analysis confirmed efficient ionic diffusion along with low charge transfer resistance, indicating favorable charge transport characteristics. Notably, all material characterizations and electrochemical evaluations were performed six months post-synthesis, under high-humidity monsoon conditions, to assess long-term environmental stability. The results conclusively demonstrate that the 15 wt% NaO₂-loaded PGA nanocomposite possesses excellent stability and high performance, thereby offering strong potential for use in next-generation energy storage systems. • Stable NaO₂–PGA nanocomposites synthesized for energy storage. • 15 wt% NaO₂ loading shows highest specific capacitance and stability. • Long-term stability confirmed after 6 months. • Strong NaO₂–PGA interaction verified by FTIR and Raman analysis. • Excellent electrochemical performance with low charge transfer resistance.