Modern Treatment Approaches for Alopecia: Current Advances and Future Perspectives

Alopecia is a multifactorial dermatological disorder characterized by partial or complete hair loss affecting the scalp and other body regions. It represents a significant medical and psychosocial challenge worldwide due to its impact on self-esteem, social interaction, and quality of life. Recent advances in dermatology, immunology, regenerative medicine, and molecular biology have transformed the understanding and management of alopecia. This review article explores the modern therapeutic approaches for different forms of alopecia, including androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, cicatricial alopecia, and telogen effluvium. Current treatment modalities such as topical and systemic pharmacotherapy, platelet-rich plasma therapy, low-level laser therapy, stem cell therapy, Janus kinase inhibitors, hair transplantation, and emerging biologic treatments are critically analyzed. The article also discusses the pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, clinical manifestations, and future directions in alopecia research. Modern therapeutic strategies emphasize individualized treatment plans, combination therapies, and regenerative approaches aimed at improving hair regrowth and minimizing adverse effects. Continued advancements in molecular medicine and targeted therapies offer promising prospects for more effective and personalized alopecia management.