Digital innovation in higher education: comparing approaches in developed and developing countries

Introduction Traditional teaching methods have been central to education systems worldwide. Still, digital innovation in higher education has transformed how education is delivered, introducing new teaching models and enhancing school management processes. However, most Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) face numerous limitations in effectively adopting digital systems, although these challenges are often context-specific. Methods To gain a deeper understanding of the scope and limitations of digitalization in higher education institutions, we conducted a comparative analysis of existing digital ecosystems across developed and developing countries. Results We introduced a three-layer framework for digitalization comprising institutional strategies, technological tools, and pedagogical methods. These layers are further divided into several components that support innovation. Using data from multiple sources, we identified several current drivers of the adoption of digital innovation in universities, including student expectations and needs, technological advances, strategic leadership, and the rise of hybrid learning models. Additionally, we compared the rate of digitalization in HEIs between developed and developing countries; our findings indicated that innovation proceeds more smoothly and is easier to manage in developed nations. We highlighted strategies for scalable and sustainable innovation through successful case studies from well-known universities. To tackle systemic challenges in digitalization, their impacts, potential solutions, and levels of implementation, we employed a priority matrix approach. This approach showed that most challenges are quick wins when addressed and have a substantial impact on digitalization. Discussion This study emphasizes the importance of adaptive, inclusive, and strategic approaches that promote equity and encourage the adoption of global learning ecosystems by comparing digital innovation in developed and developing countries.