Based on our previous report, a new atomic model, which includes a series of nuclei constituents and certain concomitant motions and their interrelations, is introduced by geometric reasoning. In particular, as an unheard-of phenomenon, multiple simultaneous three-axis motions originating from a one-axis precession motion cause the final non-spherical orbital formation, including the p-, d-, and f-orbitals. These detailed approaches, based on the provision of nature, satisfy not only the stage-of-nucleation with the simultaneous rotational motion of two axes but also the phase-of-orbitals, determining the atomic size and the discrete energies in a closed system.
Na et al. (2026) studied this question.