Research Progress of Coix lacryma-jobi L.: A Review

Abstract: Coix lacryma-jobi L., an annual or perennial plant belonging to the Poaceae family, is a medicinal and edible species primarily distributed across the Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, and Hunan provinces in China. This study systematically reviews the morphological characteristics, wild distribution patterns, germplasm resources and genetic diversity, abiotic stress responses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities, as well as modern breeding and cultivation technologies in Coix plants. The main conclusions are as follows: (i) Coix serves multiple purposes, including use as a food source, medicinal resource, animal feed, ornamental plant, and bioremediator in heavy metal-contaminated soils. (ii) The roots and seeds of Coix possess medicinal properties and demonstrate efficacy in strengthening tendons and bones, regulating spleen and stomach function, reducing edema, and supporting gastrointestinal function. (iii) China has made significant advances in Coix breeding, accompanied by frequent updates of new cultivars. This study provides a scientific basis for the systematic understanding, protection, and utilization of Coix. Conservation efforts for Coix should prioritize ecological protection, germplasm resource preservation, and biodiversity maintenance to foster sustainable development.