Wearable biomedical sensors are innovative technologies that allow the real time monitoring of the effects of toxins on the human body. These systems offer significant contributions to the early diagnosis, clinical monitoring and treatment management of toxin exposures. Optical, electrochemical and bioelectric sensors, along with patch type chest sensors, smart textiles, fiber optic data gloves, biomedical smart lenses and augmented reality based smart glasses, are among the main wearable technologies used in clinical toxicology.By continuously monitoring biochemical markers in addition to vital signs, these sensors make it possible to detect physiological and metabolic changes developing due to toxin exposure in the early period. Particularly, clinically critical symptoms such as lactate elevation, disruptions in acid base balance and alterations in respiratory parameters can be detected by analyzing sensor data before distinct symptoms even appear. In this way, approaching toxidrome presentations are noticed in the early period, providing the opportunity for timely intervention.By increasing the continuity of patient monitoring, wearable sensor technologies offer the possibility of safe observation not only in hospital environments but also in out of hospital settings. Furthermore, when integrated with artificial intelligence supported analysis systems, they contribute to reducing the risk of medical errors by strengthening clinical decision support processes.Consequently, wearable biomedical sensors are important tools that support early diagnosis, continuous monitoring and individualized treatment approaches in clinical toxicology and it is expected that they will become an integral part of intensive care and emergency medicine applications in the future. This study presents a comprehensive review of the continuous monitoring of wearable biomedical sensors and early warning systems in clinical toxicology.
Kaya et al. (2026) studied this question.