Beneficial Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Various Systems of the Body: Understanding the Mechanism of Action

Background: The ketogenic diet (KD), comprising high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and moderate-protein intake, has gained much attention. The main types of ketogenic diet include the classic ketogenic diet, the modified Atkins diet (MAD), the Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Diet (VLEKD), and the Modified Mediterranean Ketogenic Diet (MMKD). Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to retrieve published articles on the health benefits of the keto diet. Results: We reviewed the existing literature regarding the effect of KD on metabolic diseases, obesity, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and cancer. We highlight the micronutrient and the macronutrient components in KD. We noted the importance of KD in various oral diseases. Discussion: While KD demonstrates robust benefits across metabolic, neurological, and cardiovascular conditions through ketosis-induced anti-inflammatory effects and metabolic medulation and reduces carbohydrate-driven dysbiosis. Limitations include short-term studies, small sample size, and lack of randomized trials specific to oral outcomes, highlighting the need for targeted research on periodontal and caries prevention. These findings position KD as a promising adjunct for systemic diseases. Conclusion: KD is beneficial for preventing oral diseases and complications. Less sugar in the KD may prevent bacterial growth in the oral cavity. The lower carbohydrate in KD may be good for the reduction in inflammation of tissues involved in oral diseases. KD may enhance nutrient intake for enamel and the repair of soft tissue. The review is intended to make clinicians and dental practitioners aware of the KD diet in various oxidative stress-related diseases.