Randomized trial investigates learning performance and motivation in VR with pedagogical agents, suggesting effective strategies for multimedia learning.
Key Points
This research explores how the type of media environment and the presence of a pedagogical agent affect learning outcomes.
125 participants divided into four conditions based on a 2x2 design: presence of PA and type of environment (2D vs. VR)
Between-subjects experimental design was used for testing learning performance, motivation, and cognitive load
VR significantly enhanced intrinsic motivation and social presence (p<0.05)
In VR, presence of PA improved learning performance compared to 2D (p<0.05)
No-PA conditions on screen showed better learning performance than PA conditions