The optimization of processes and techniques for the breeding, maintenance and exploitation of farm animals is the most beneficial approach for the animal production sector, which can improve the quality and quantity of animal production obtained, in relation to a minimum production cost. The twenty-first century is characterized as a period in which human society is undergoing continuous development and demographic growth, which increases the demand for food of animal origin. To meet these requirements, farmers and food industry processors are increasingly implementing various digital systems and techniques that help ease human labor and industrialize the processes of obtaining and processing raw materials. A practical and useful approach that has attracted the attention of researchers and livestock breeders regarding better quality and quantity of production is the optimization of cattle feed rations by using essential amino acids to compensate for the lack of these amino acids in the animals’ diets. This review paper provides both a general overview of the 20 essential and non-essential amino acids and a detailed examination of the effects of supplementing cattle feed rations with various amino acids on the quality and quantity of meat and milk production, as well as on the welfare of cattle. The paper also includes an analysis of the impact on the natural environment of supplementing cattle feed rations with certain amino acids. As a result of numerous researches in this field, it has been reported that supplementation with protected L-tryptophan improves milk quality by increasing milk protein content, improves the level of adaptability of cows to heat stress and increases the level of melatonin released in milk, while supplementation with protected methionine, threonine, isoleucine and leucine results in improved efficiency of nitrogen utilization and increased milk protein.
Andronachi et al. (2026) studied this question.