Stress Fractures of the Femoral Neck in Physically Active Individuals: Diagnostic Challenges and Management

Stress fractures of the femoral neck are rare but potentially serious conditions. They primarily affect physically active individuals. The aim of this study was to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding stress fractures of the femoral neck, with particular emphasis on diagnostic challenges and current treatment methods. An analysis of the available scientific literature was conducted, covering epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic management. Stress fractures are relatively rare but are associated with a high risk of complications, especially in cases of delayed diagnosis. Diagnosis of this type of injury is often delayed due to nonspecific symptoms, such as progressive pain in the groin or hip area that worsens during physical activity. Delayed diagnosis is also contributed to by the reduced sensitivity of radiological examinations in the early stages of the condition. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice for diagnosis, enabling the detection of lesions at an early stage and the assessment of their severity. Classifying fractures as compression or tension fractures is crucial for selecting the appropriate treatment. Therapy may include both conservative and surgical management. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for a favorable prognosis and return to physical activity. Identifying and modifying risk factors plays an important role in preventing the occurrence and recurrence of fractures.