Alleviation of diabetic cardiomyopathy via preventing VCAM1-positive cells from senescence by engineered nanovesicles

pre-senescent cells, potently inhibited their transition into a senescent state, and significantly reduced the overall senescent burden in the diabetic heart. Consequently, this targeted strategy alleviated cardiac microvascular injury and markedly improved cardiac function in diabetic mice. This work identifies VCAM1 as a novel pre-senescent marker and demonstrates membrane lipid engineering as an effective approach for targeted nanovesicle delivery, offering a precise targeted therapeutic paradigm for DCM.